Agriculture and horticulture vocational schools often provide practical training in crop production, animal husbandry, soil management, and plant cultivation. These courses often last 1-2 years, depending on the level of certification or graduation sought. Students are taught practical skills such as irrigation techniques, pest control, greenhouse management, and sustainable farming practices. The curriculum often includes both classroom instruction and fieldwork, ensuring a balanced approach to theoretical comprehension and practical application. Many programs also include business aspects of farming, such as marketing and farm management. Graduates are equipped to work in farming, landscaping, nursery management, and agricultural consultancy. To meet rising industry trends, some universities offer specializations in areas such as organic farming, viticulture, and urban agriculture.