Ph.D. in Modern History is a research-oriented program that examines historical events, movements, and changes from the early modern period to the present. The program, which typically lasts 3-5 years, covers a wide range of topics, including political and social history, cultural alterations, economic changes, and global contacts from the 17th century to the present. Students conduct original research on topics including colonialism, nationalism, international wars, revolutions, the emergence of modern states, and globalization. Graduates work at universities, research institutions, museums, government agencies, and international organizations. A Master's degree in history is often required for admission, with a strong research concentration on current historical periods and approaches.